Development and Tissues. Chapters 4 and 5: Gametogenesis and Embryology; and Tissue Structure and Function.

Meiosis: nuclear division that results in nuclei containing half of the original chromosome complement of the parental cell, as opposed to mitosis where the original chromosome complement remains constant. Meiosis consists of two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II, thus resulting in four daughter nuclei from one diploid nucleus.
Haploid: having only one member of each homologous chromosome pair; half of the original number of chromosomes, if the parental cell was diploid (having two sets of chromosomes in a full complement of chromosomes).
Gametogenesis: the process of forming mature gametes from primary germ cells.
Spermatogenesis: gametogenesis in the male sex organs (testes).
Oogenesis: gametogenesis in the female sex organs (ovaries).
Spermatogonia: the early germ cells which have migrated to the testis and have begun to multiply by mitosis; they are still diploid at this stage.
Primary spermatocytes: enlarged spermatogonia which begin to divide by meiosis.
Secondary spermatocytes: the two daughter nuclei that have been produced as a result of meiosis I of a primary spermatocyte; each daughter nucleus now contains the haploid complement of chromosomes.
Spermatids: the daughter cells which result from meiosis II and cytokinesis of the secondary spermatocytes; each of the four spermatids produced from one spermatogonium is now haploid and will develop into a mature gamete (a sperm cell in this case; also called a spermatozoan.

Spermatogenesis:

Beginning on page 37, obtain a slide demonstrating spermatogenesis in the grasshopper testis.
Look for a longitudinal section through one of the lobes and identify the cysts within which different stages of spermatogenesis were occurring.
Look for a region on your slide and make drawings of areas demonstrating stages of spermatogenesis containing each of the 5 cell types listed on pp. 37 and 38.

Development:

Observe, compare, and contrast the embryonic developmental pathways illustrated on pp. 44, 46, and 52.
Complete the table handout comparing early development of a protostomate and a deuterostomate.
Examine the illustration on page 52 for frog embryo development and determine which type of embryological developmental pathway best describes that of a frog.

Read the general description of the tissues (pp. 54-63) and familiarize yourself with the general types, their functions, and where they are found.
Look at slides showing examples of the various tissues to familiarized yourself with their appearance.
On your TISSUES handout, sketch the various types of tissues that your examine.
Where possible, show the shape of the cells and the relative size and shape of the nuclei.
Indicate under each drawing:
1. what organ the tissue was obtained from
2. what animal the tissue was taken from
3. what the magnification of the specimen is.
Be prepared to recognize any of the various types of tissues that may later be set up as a lab practical quiz or practical component of an exam.